{"id":1068,"date":"2026-05-09T23:07:16","date_gmt":"2026-05-09T19:37:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masoudbahrami.com\/academy\/?post_type=craftsman-bookshelf&#038;p=1068"},"modified":"2026-05-09T23:28:58","modified_gmt":"2026-05-09T19:58:58","slug":"working-effectively-with-legacy-code","status":"publish","type":"craftsman-bookshelf","link":"https:\/\/masoudbahrami.com\/academy\/craftsman-bookshelf\/working-effectively-with-legacy-code\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 Working Effectively with Legacy Code"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0644 \u0641\u062f\u0631\u0632 (Michael Feathers)<\/h2>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><strong>\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0644 \u0641\u062f\u0631\u0632<br \/>\n<strong>\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631:<\/strong>\u00a0\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f4 (\u0686\u0627\u067e \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f)<br \/>\n<strong>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 464 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647<br \/>\n<strong>\u0698\u0627\u0646\u0631:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u062f (Refactoring)<br \/>\n<strong>\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 (\u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0634\u06cc\u0621\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u061f \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u061f<\/h2>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc. \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc: \u00ab\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647\u061f\u00bb \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0634\u0648\u062e\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/masoudbahrami.com\/academy\/why-big-bang-refactoring-leads-to-trouble\/\"><strong>\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u062f \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc (Legacy Code) \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f<\/strong><\/a>. \u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0647\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0634\u0641\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0646 <strong>\u06a9\u062f \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062f \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u062f\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0644 \u0641\u062f\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0646\u0627\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><strong>\u06a9\u062f \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc (Legacy Code)\u060c \u06a9\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0646 \u06a9\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0634\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0634. \u0646\u0628\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a. \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u06cc<\/strong>. \u0648 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u060c \u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u06cc. \u0648 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc: \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062f \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0646\u0627\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h2>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647. \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0686\u0647 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u061f<\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><strong>\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0635\u0641\u0631 (Rewrite):<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u00ab\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645\u00bb. \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u061f \u0634\u0634 \u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648 \u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc if \u0648 patch\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062f (Freeze):<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u00ab\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0632\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u00bb. \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0642\u0628\u0627 \u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f:\u00a0<strong>\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc (Safety Net) \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u061b Legacy Code \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a<\/h2>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><strong>\u06a9\u062f \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631. \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u200c\u0627\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u062f \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc. \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u06cc\u0632\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647\u00a0<strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/strong>. \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u062f\u0650 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0650 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc. \u0648 \u0647\u0631 \u0686\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u00ab\u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u00bb \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0627 <strong>\u062f\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/strong> \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 <strong>\u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc<\/strong>\u060c \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0648 \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628: \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a<\/h2>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u06a9\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<div class=\"md-code-block md-code-block-dark\">\n<div class=\"md-code-block-banner-wrap\">\n<div class=\"md-code-block-banner md-code-block-banner-lite\">\n<div class=\"_121d384\">\n<div class=\"d2a24f03\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<pre>\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\r\n    \u2193\r\n\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc (Characterization Test)\r\n    \u2193\r\n\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\r\n    \u2193\r\n\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0634\u062f\u0647)\r\n    \u2193\r\n\u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/masoudbahrami.com\/academy\/breakthrough-refactoring\/\"><strong>\u062a\u0633\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc (Characterization Tests)<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f. \u062a\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u00ab\u062b\u0628\u062a\u00bb \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u063a\u0644\u0637. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0634\u062f\u0647. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0633 \u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f\u00a0<strong>\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc<\/strong>. \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u00ab\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u00bb\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0628\u062e\u0634 \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0645: \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/h2>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u062f \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<h3>\u06f1. \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 (Dependency Breaking)<\/h3>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f: \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc API \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc Singleton.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0632 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0644\u00a0<strong>Extract Interface<\/strong>\u060c\u00a0<strong>Introduce Instance Delegator<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u00a0<strong>Sprout Method\/Class<\/strong>\u00a0\u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u00ab\u0628\u0634\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u00bb \u0648 \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc.<\/p>\n<h3>\u06f2. \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc (Characterization Tests)<\/h3>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f: \u00ab\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648 \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0645\u00bb.<\/p>\n<h3>\u06f3. \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9<\/h3>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0632 \u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af (Big Refactoring) \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646. \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u00a0<strong>Refactoring \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3>\u06f4. \u062a\u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 Legacy<\/h3>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u06a9\u0627\u062f\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u00a0 <span style=\"color: #0c82ac;\"><strong>Think in Systems<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0641\u062f\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u062f \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u062f \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc. \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc: \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u060c \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u06cc. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc <strong>\u062a\u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0645\u0646<\/h2>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0636<\/strong>\u00a0\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0641\u062f\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0622\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u062b\u06cc\u0641\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0639\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u061f \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 ++C \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0645\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h2>\n<div class=\"ds-scroll-area ds-scroll-area--show-on-focus-within _1210dd7 c03cafe9\">\n<div class=\"ds-scroll-area__gutters\">\n<div class=\"ds-scroll-area__horizontal-gutter\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ds-scroll-area__vertical-gutter\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647<\/th>\n<th>\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0641\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0641\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u062f \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06af\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u0633\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u00a0<strong>\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u06cc\u0621\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/h2>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u06a9\u062f \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0632 Refactoring\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0646. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc. \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/h2>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0646 (Uncle Bob):<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u06cc. \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0686\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f<\/h2>\n<div class=\"ds-scroll-area ds-scroll-area--show-on-focus-within _1210dd7 c03cafe9\">\n<div class=\"ds-scroll-area__gutters\">\n<div class=\"ds-scroll-area__horizontal-gutter\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ds-scroll-area__vertical-gutter\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/th>\n<th>\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Refactoring (\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0631)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc Refactoring \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f. \u0645\u06a9\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Clean Code (\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0646)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u062f <strong>\u062a\u0645\u06cc\u0632<\/strong> \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.\u00a0 \u0686\u0648\u0646 Legacy \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Design Patterns (\u06af\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0634)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0633\u062e\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/h2>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 Working Effectively with Legacy Code\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u06cc\u06a9\u00a0<strong>\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0634<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u062c\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc. \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0647\u06cc. \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\n","protected":false},"featured_media":1069,"template":"","class_list":["post-1068","craftsman-bookshelf","type-craftsman-bookshelf","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 Working Effectively with Legacy Code - \u0622\u06a9\u0627\u062f\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/masoudbahrami.com\/academy\/craftsman-bookshelf\/working-effectively-with-legacy-code\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fa_IR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 Working Effectively with Legacy Code - \u0622\u06a9\u0627\u062f\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0644 \u0641\u062f\u0631\u0632 (Michael Feathers) \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647:\u00a0\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0644 \u0641\u062f\u0631\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631:\u00a0\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f4 (\u0686\u0627\u067e \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f) \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a: 464 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0698\u0627\u0646\u0631:\u00a0\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u062f (Refactoring) \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647:\u00a0\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 (\u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0634\u06cc\u0621\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc) &nbsp; \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u061f \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u061f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc. \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/masoudbahrami.com\/academy\/craftsman-bookshelf\/working-effectively-with-legacy-code\/\" \/>\n<meta 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\u0628\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/masoudbahrami.com\/academy\/craftsman-bookshelf\/working-effectively-with-legacy-code\/","og_locale":"fa_IR","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 Working Effectively with Legacy Code - \u0622\u06a9\u0627\u062f\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc","og_description":"\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0644 \u0641\u062f\u0631\u0632 (Michael Feathers) \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647:\u00a0\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0644 \u0641\u062f\u0631\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631:\u00a0\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f4 (\u0686\u0627\u067e \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f) \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a: 464 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0698\u0627\u0646\u0631:\u00a0\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u062f (Refactoring) \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647:\u00a0\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 (\u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0634\u06cc\u0621\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc) &nbsp; \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u061f \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u061f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc. \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/masoudbahrami.com\/academy\/craftsman-bookshelf\/working-effectively-with-legacy-code\/","og_site_name":"\u0622\u06a9\u0627\u062f\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f 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